Recommending a Marketing Mix for a Product or Service

Topic: Recommending a Marketing Mix for a Product or Service Executive Summary This report mainly talked about a product-Pepsi. In this report, the purpose was compared and contrasted which 4Ps is better to the Pepsi and wanted more people to buy it. The thesis was compare and contrasts the Pepsi with the competitor - Coca Cola. So the report needed find some information and interview some people. The key finding was that SWOT and 4Ps is very important to the product. And the key conclusion and recommendation was the first 4Ps is better than the second one. 1.0 Introduction 2.1 State the objectives of the research I would make a marketing mix for the Pepsi. 2.2 Present the context 2.3.1 Describe its uses†¦show more content†¦Promotion is very important. A good promotion can make the product sales better. Coca Cola utilizes television, internet, advertising and radio for their propaganda. The last one is place. Coca Cola can buy it anytime and anywhere. These are the marketing mix for a key competitor-Coca Cola (blurtit, 2012). 4.8 Conduct a SWOT analysis The SWOT analyses include strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. For Pepsi, diversification and distribution are the strengths. Overdependence on Wal-Mart, overdependence on US markets, low productivity and image damage due to product recall are the weaknesses. The opportunities are broadening of base, international expansion and growing savory snack and bottled water market in US. The last one for threats are decline in carbonated drink sales, potential negative impact of government regulations and potential disruption due to labor unrest (marketingteacher, 2012).. The product in first 4Ps is 600ml Pepsi. The price is 3 Yuan in China and the promotions for this product are advertising, TV, poster and great quantity. The sales promotions of Pepsi can be latest toys. And the last one is place. It can be sold in small shops, convenience store and big store such as Wal-Mart. The product in second 4Ps is 1L Pepsi. The price is 6.2 Yuan in China. The promotions for this product are newspaper, billboard and on-vehicle. The sales promotions of Pepsi can be gifts. And theShow MoreRelatedRecommending a Marketing Mix for a Service ‘Lumia’ 800 of Nokia Mobile Company’1429 Words   |  6 PagesGAC012: Business Studies Assessment Event 3 Recommending a Marketing Mix for a Service ‘Lumia’ 800 of NOKIA Mobile Company’ Student: Zhou Siyan ‘Effie’ ID number: ZMSC22222 Tutorï ¼Å¡ Maqui Due Dateï ¼Å¡ November 19, 2012 Date submitted: November 19, 2012 Word Count: 1249 words Table of Contents Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Research Methodology 3.0 Research Findings 4.0 Discussion 5.0 Conclusion and recommendations Reference List Read MoreIndividual Report (50%)806 Words   |  4 PagesIndividual Report (50%) You are required to prepare a report for management, recommending that the Company enter into a new overseas market (defined as a country or large region within it) and outline the main features of the marketing plan. The new market that you recommend is your choice but it must not be one where the Company is already present. 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The service environment and customer service was excellent. I am still going to Back in Motion and their service hasn’t slipped at all. The environment was excellent because the business is private with frosted glass around the outside so no one can see in and the treatment

Speech Teacher and South East High Free Essays

South east has thought me a lot of things but I am very thankful that it gave me three great qualities that I still carry on today that are Respect, leadership, and professionalism. It has been long since I first lay my eyes on this school. I was 14 years old when I arrived in this country. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech: Teacher and South East High or any similar topic only for you Order Now I dint know what road to take, my thoughts were hey vacations since I originally lived and went to school in Guadalajara, Mexico.I decided that the best choice for me to take was to stay and achieve an education in the United States. I did not think twice after my uncles showed me South East High. I was like yea this is the place that I want to come to. I loved the way it looked, the way the people treated each other, and how friendly staff was. Once I started I found out that South East wasn’t only a school it was something of another world. I had very good memories from all my teachers that I had had through all my four years on school.One of my biggest memories is the time when I first come at school, it was the first week of school and I want it to go back at home with my parents, brother, and sister because I really miss them but they told me that I have to be strong and achieve all my goals and here I am graduating me and starting a new beginning. One of the motivations that inspire me was the words that Martin Luther King said â€Å"I have a dream† so do I and it’s to become the greatest architect.My parents always told me that I can become whatever I want if I keep trying and doing the best that I can and never give up. Trough all this years on school I had learned so many good things here on South East High that my friends, teachers, counselors, and also others had teach me. They teach me to be who I am and not try to be who I am not. One of my teachers that I am really thankful is my ESL teacher that teaches me in the best way that he could.He teaches me how to write and speak this language. I want to say at all of you that I know and also at those who I don’t know that you have to do what you’re heart tells you and try to achieve all your goals not to do what other people wants you to do. I want to thank at all my teachers and family for all the help that they gave me. Thank you everybody for listed to me and Go Class of 2010 we did it. How to cite Speech: Teacher and South East High, Papers

The Great Gatsby Destruction of the American Dream free essay sample

The failure of the American dream can be seen through the main characters Gatsby, Daisy and Myrtle and Tom Buchannan. Gatsby is obviously the most important of the four, due to his significant roll in the book. Jay Gatsby is bent on getting his love interest, Daisy, his girlfriend before the war. Ironically, Gatsby, a decorated military officer, is so intent on getting Daisy back he involves himself in organized crime and bootlegging (Callahan 2). He moves in across the river from Daisy and throws lavish parties to try to get her to come and try to woo her back to him. These lavish parties and Gatsby’s inability to move on will ultimately lead to his downfall. Baska 2 Gatsby’s personality parallels with many items brought up in the book. Fitzgerald uses Nick to describe Gatsby mansion, â€Å"The one on my right was a colossal affair by any standard—it was a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool, and more than forty acres of lawn and garden. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby Destruction of the American Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was Gatsby’s mansion† (Fitzgerald 7). When Nick enters Gatsby’s house to attend one of his parties he also describes its grand rooms with high empty ceilings. Gatsby, much like his mansion, puts of this elegant appearance but on the inside he is hollow and tiring to find people to fill that hollowness Daisy’s character is very static just like the Gatsby; she plays Gatsby off and only truly liked him because he was just something new (Callahan 2). Despite being from the upper elite class and having the â€Å"perfect lifestyle†, she still is the third wheel in her relationship. Tom, Daisy’s husband, engages in an affair with Myrtle and despite the thinking that the upper class is perfect and everyone should be like them Tom beats his wife and is very hot headed. Tom is also a factory owner and the New York factories have destroyed this valley known as the Valley of Ashes. In this Valley there is the sign of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg â€Å"The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic—their irises are one Baska 3 yard high. They look out of no face, but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose. Evidently some wild wag of an oculist set them there to fatten his practice in the borough of Queens, and then sank down himself into eternal blindness. †(Fitzgerald 24) The decaying face of Eckleburg is there to show the consequences of the American Dream in the twenties and how it had destroyed the lives of many people. It may also be seen as the death of God in this day and age of social decay. Much like Daisy in her youth Myrtle has decided the wealthy life is the way for her. Myrtle up till the end is an almost ideal picture of the American Dream despite cheating on her husband for Tom. Myrtle’s car has broken down and when she exits the car Daisy, who was coming down the road, hits her with her car. Myrtle had gone from the Valley of Ashes to the riches to being murdered by her love affair’s wife. This downward spiral continues when George Wilson, Myrtles husband, believes who ever hit Myrtle was the person she was having an affair with. Tom tells Wilson that Gatsby was driving the car that hit Myrtle. Wilson goes to Gatsby’s house were he finds him relaxing in the pool on a float. Wilson shoots Gatsby then turns the gun on himself, showing us the tragic ending to the books corruption in the American Dream theme. Corruption in the twenties illustrated in The Great Gatsby parallels with many other generations, one such one is the most recent. The world today is filled with consumerism and the idea that to be reat and to be the person in the spot light you Baska 4 must have money and glamour. In The Great Gatsby, there is also the apparent struggle between the â€Å"new money† and the â€Å"old money† just as there is today. The Roaring twenties was the first generation to change the American Dream from the strait laced puritan morals to living large in the mansion. Hollywood, celebrities and the television has imbedded the failures of the American Dream which Fitzgerald has exposed in The Great Ga tsby into today’s culture. The middle class has been given the privilege to have a home and have freedom, so the view of the American dream has been changed by society. Tyler Durden, from Fight Club, expresses the sentiments above â€Å"Advertising has us chasing cars and clothes, working jobs we hate so we can buy stuff we don’t need† (Palahniuk 114). Despite all the ignorant prejudice the recent large scale Hispanic immigration hopefully will show America that The American Dream should not about having money and the perfect life, but having a safe haven to live your life free. The people who left everything to come to America not to be famous or the wealthy but for a better life for them and their children are the true idealization of the American Dream. From the Great Gatsby to the roaring twenties all they way up to modern times people look up to the American Dream for inspiration and try to make it their own. Greed and love may have corrupted the dream for Gatsby, though it is just human nature to want more than what you have and that is the true corruption Fitzgerald has shown his readers.

The movie Cursed Essay Example

The movie: Cursed Paper The movie Cursed was overrated with the use of a well known director and actors, hyped-up commercials and promises of fright. It lacked the use of effects to bring the movie to life. Cursed did well at the box office, but did not have the makings of a box office hit.Body:Cursed was released in theaters February 25, 2005 (Video, 2005) and hit stores April 26, 2005 (Ask, 2005). The movie was supposed to be a thriller but for who a five year old. Thats probably why it was short lived at the box office it failed to thrill its target audience. With the technology that is available today movie goers expect the monsters to be cool as well as scary. With this movie neither was achieved. The special effects reminded me of watching the Crypt Keeper in Tales from the Crypt, which aired from 1989-1996 (TV, 2005). That goes to show how out dated the effects were. The werewolves in Cursed were so big that they were more funny than scary. The cast was great I was just really turned off by the whole feel of the movie it was so typical and you knew the culprit before the movie even really got started. In a review by Wireless Magazine they called it A breathtaking supernatural thriller!(Video, 2005).In a review by Brian Juergens he states What we get is just about every clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ imaginable (Bloody-Distuging, 2005).ConclusionBasically the way I felt about the movie is that it had a good supporting cast and a workable storyline. It failed with the lack of special effects and cheesy punch lines. It seemed more like a modern day B-Movie than a thriller. To put it simple I would rather watch The Rocky Horror Picture Show than watch Cursed. I say give me something to scare me and they give me something that my three year old niece laughs at.Cursed (Final) p.1Cursed a Wes Craven FilmCelita HamiltonJanuary 6, 2006ENG105Dr. Christine MillerCursed (Final) p.2The movie Cursed was overrated with the use of a well known director and actors, hyped-up commercials and promises of frigh t. It lacked the use of special effects to bring the movie to life. True the movie did well at the box office, but it did not have the makings of a box office hit.Cursed was short lived at the box office, which is probably due to its failure to capture its audience. The movie was supposed to be a thriller that thrilled few instead of many. With todays technology moviegoers expect a horror to have cool, gruesome and scary monsters. With this movie only the cool factor was achieved. The werewolves in Cursed reminded me of watching an episode of Tales from the Crypt, which aired from 1989-1996, (TV, 2005). That goes to show how outdated the effects seemed. I mean the werewolves were so big they were more funny than scary. The movie trailers and teasers had you believing you would be terrified through the entire movie, I guess thats why they call them teasers. Wireless Magazine called it A breathtaking supernatural thriller! (Video, 2005).Cursed (Final) p.3Brian Juergens stated What we get is just about every clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ imaginable (Bloody-Disgusting, 2005). The story line lacked a climax; I mean they practically point out the villain from the start.More or less the way I feel about Cursed is that it had a good supporting cast and a workable storyline that was not used to its full potential. It failed by not delivering what advertisement promised. It had a lack of special effects and cheesy punch lines. It had the feel of a modern day B-Movie. Give me the Howling any day.

Why Protons and Neutrons Stick Together in the Nucleus

Why Protons and Neutrons Stick Together in the Nucleus An atom contains protons, neutrons, and electrons.  The nucleus of an atom consists of bound protons and neutrons (nucleons). The negatively-charged electrons are attracted to the positively-charged protons and fall around the nucleus, much like a satellite is attracted to the gravity of the Earth. The positively-charged protons repel each other and arent electrically attracted or repelled to the neutral neutrons, so you may wonder how the atomic nucleus sticks together and why protons dont fly off. The explanation for why protons and neutrons stick together is known as the strong force. The strong force is also known as the strong interaction, color force, or strong nuclear force.  The strong force is much more powerful than the electrical repulsion between protons, however, the particles have to be close to each other for it to stick them together. How the Strong Force Works Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller subatomic particles. When protons or neutrons get close enough to each other, they exchange particles (mesons), binding them together. Once they are bound, it takes considerable energy to break them apart. To add protons or neutrons, the nucleons either have to be moving at high speed  or they need to be forced together under great pressure. Although the strong force overcomes electrostatic repulsion, protons do repel each other. For this reason, its usually easier to add neutrons to an atom than to add protons.

Acc 230 Final Starbucks Financial Analysis Paper

Starbucks Financial Analysis Author Axia College of University of Phoenix Starbucks Financial Analysis Starbucks Coffee originated in 1971 as a coffee and tea cafe opening in a small neighborhood of Seattle, Washington (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). Starbucks continued its service for Seattle residents for a decade when the new director of retail operations and marketing, Howard Shultz, decided to make some beneficial changes to the company. After two years of employment Howard Shultz decided to expand Starbucks outside of the Seattle area. In 1987 Starbucks was entering in the coffee market and the few numbers of Starbucks were now becoming a corporation (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). Fast forwarding to current times, Starbucks is now located across America and has branched out into international territory. Starbucks now ranges from selling coffees, teas, food, and coffee accessories to having its name brand coffees being sold in grocery stores. Statement of Earnings Starbucks Corporations 2009 fiscal year ended on September 28, 2009 (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). In comparison with the 2008 Statement of Earnings, Starbucks Corporation has experienced an increase in net earnings totaling $390 million in 2009 (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). This is still significantly lower than the 2007 net earnings of $672 million dropping $360 million over the course of one year. The company was however able to increase the cost of goods sold. Compared to the 2008 gross profit margin when Starbucks experienced a large increase, in 2009 Starbucks experienced a decline by 2. 25% (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). In the 2009 fiscal year the Statement of Earnings depicts a depreciation and amortization expenses decreased and operating income and operating margin decrease. The decrease in sales which Starbucks reported in 2008 is cause for the decrease in operating income and operating margin in the 2009 fiscal year. Since the 2008 fiscal year, 2009 has brought on a 4% decrease in the net profit margin for Starbucks (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). Balance Sheet In the 2009 fiscal year, Starbucks Corporation states a slight decrease in ash on hand though the net receivables show an increase. A comparison of the 2008 and 2009 inventory depicts a decline in 2009 that suggests Starbucks Corporation is not making inventory purchases prior to selling the current on-hand inventory. The current economic struggles have forced Starbucks Corporation to make some adjustments in the financial strengths of the company and close some coffee shops throughout the 2009 fiscal year, appearing as a decrease to the current assets of Starbucks Corporations. The decrease in the current assets and fixed assets of Starbucks Corporation the total assets for the 2009 fiscal year have increased by $300 million (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). Statement of Cash Flow The Statement of Cash Flow for the 2009 fiscal year depicts a $70 million decrease in cash flow (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). Starbucks Corporation did however increase its invested cash flow by $115 million in 2009 (Starbucks Corporation, 2010). An analysis of the Statement of Cash Flow for the 2009 fiscal year of Starbucks Corporation shows that Starbucks Corporation has been attempting to reduce its current operating expenses and cash flow. Ratio Comparisons Within the coffee industry Starbucks Corporations has grown from a small shop to a leading coffee distributor, proving to have financial strength and determination to continue growth. With the weakening economy the continued success of Starbucks Corporation is being threatened by the high cost of coffee and the decreased spending of consumers. Coffee is now being purchased based on cost, not quality. The financial strengths of Starbucks Corporation is being tested against its limits with the decline in premium coffee sales while Starbucks continues to push to stay on top of competition. Compared to competition in the coffee market Starbucks is displaying a higher debt to equity ratio of 0. 15 compared to the industry at 0. 13. Starbucks Corporation and the coffee industry competition remain similar at a 1. 5 current ratio for Starbucks and a 1. current ratio for the industry (MSN Money Market, 2010). The quick ratio within the coffee industry currently sits at 1. 3 while Starbucks Corporation holds strong at a 1. 2 quick ratio (MSN Money Central, 2010). Starbucks Corporation depicts a leverage ratio in comparison to the competition showing a 1. 7 leverage ratio for both Starbucks and the industry (MSN Money Central, 2010). Starbucks Corporation is also remaining steady with a lower than industry book value to share ratio o f 4. 95 compared to 6. 33 (MSN Money Central, 2010). Industry Comparison An industry analysis can provide Starbucks with a view on the competitive advantages the company has over companies with similar products. Through the analysis, Starbucks can develop an effective strategic plan. The benefits of the industry analysis include knowing â€Å"the underlying forces at work in the industry; the overall attractiveness of the industry, and the critical factors that determine the company’s success within the industry† (Encyclopedia for Business, 2010). A United States competitor of Starbucks is Peet’s Coffee and Tea. In 2010, Peet’s reported gross revenue of $168,494, drastically lower than that of Starbucks. Starbuck’s has the advantage of more locations and a lower per store operating cost of 63. 86 compared to Peet’s at 121. 83 per store. Starbuck’s has managed to run each Starbucks location at a fraction of the cost for Peet’s Coffee and Tea. Based on this information, it is apparent that Starbucks has a competitive advantage over Peet’s Coffee and Tea and continues to be a strong competitor in the industry. In conclusion, Starbucks Corporation has managed to remain financially strong regardless of the slight impact the struggling economy has had on the corporation. Success over competition remains to be on top and the current inventions of new and unique coffee, tea, and Starbucks environments has continued to result in the success of Starbucks Coffee not seen by other competitors. The growth and strengthening of the current economic situation will allow Starbucks Corporation to expand the financial growth and strengths of the company and continue to remain at the top of the market regardless of the lower cost and quality coffee sold by the competition. Starbucks Corporation offers unique goods and services which allows the company to remain ahead of the market. References Encyclopedia for Business. (2010). Industry Analysis. Retrieved from http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/small/Inc-Mail/Industry-Analysis. html MSN Money Central. (2010). Starbucks Corporation: Key Ratios. Retrieved on November 11, 2010 from http://moneycentral. msn. com/investor/invsub/results/compare. asp? Page=FinancialConditionSymbol=SBUX Starbucks Corporation. (2010). Fiscal 2009 Annual Report. Retrieved from http://media. corporate-ir. net/media_files/irol/99/99518/SBUX_AR. pdf Yahoo Finance. (2010). Peet’s Coffee Tea, Inc. Retrieved from http://finance. yahoo. com/q/is? s=PEET+Income+Statementannual

Financial Health 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Health 3 - Assignment Example This Act also provides for punishment for whomever knowingly and willfully offers to pay any person in order to persuade the person to refer them to a provider who can furnish items or services for which payment would the fall under Medicare and Medicaid guidelines and be payable as such. Certain exceptions are allowed such as certain discounts given by suppliers to cost-reporting providers. Operation Restore Trust is an initiative that was created to combat fraud, eliminate waste, and monitor abuse in the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Operation Restore Trust was established by the Department of Health and Human Services. The Office of the Inspector General understands the health care delivery system has always been vulnerable to fraud and in response the OIG has placed emphasis on interdisciplinary teamwork. OIG worked jointly to create a project which would detect cases of abuse and fraud that occur through home health agencies, in nursing homes, and with durable medical equipment suppliers. OIG worked in partnership with the Administration on Aging and the Health Care Financing Administration. Projects included audits and evaluations of claims by home health agencies, administrative costs claimed, periodic interim payments to home health agencies, variations among home health care coverage Medicare payments, to name but a few. Ongoing evaluations and audits include services provided to Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries in nursing homes, durable medical equipment payments in nursing homes, and outreach activities include fraud alerts and a hotline to report fraudulent activity (Brown, 1995). The Centers for Medicaid and Medicare services goals’ are to combat provider fraud, waste and abuse. The two broad responsibilities of the Medicaid Integrity Program include hiring contractors to review the actions of providers, identify when there have been

The Supply Chain Department of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd Essay

The Supply Chain Department of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd - Essay Example The company’s mission was to provide quality and innovative healthcare products for people and have a strong ethical stand culture in its business operations which help the company to give the maximum benefit to the stakeholders, shareholders and also to the society. Watson Pharmaceuticals is the major competitor for the company as they produce the similar products and also have a strong overall process. The company has shown a good growth rate in the previous few years and also has come up with new products launching them in the market (Ahmed, Tabassum and Hossain 2005:93). Supply chain management is a very strong and important part for the successful running of any company and mainly for companies which are in the pharmaceuticals business as they need to take care of all the members and also the information flow play a vital role in the market demand and changing trend in the market. It involves the overall flow and maintenance of the materials, information and the finance that is involved in the process which moves from the supplier to the company then to the retail and distributors from there to the end customers. The main objective of supply chain management is to reduce the inventory stock as a result reduces the additional cost of maintaining the stock. The company’s market share is 16.23% having a good growth rate of around 14.9% and in 2004 it had shown a growth rate of 11% in the country among all the competitors. The company’s market share is the highest among all other competitors and it enjoys the position of being a market leader. The company has enjoyed this position over the years because of the strong strategies that it has followed from last two decades which has got the company’s growth to go up in an exponential manner (Baligh 2006:56). The company has always maintained a strategy to provide good quality products to its customers and have a transparent medium in

Planning a system to handle school records Essay Example for Free

Planning a system to handle school records Essay Real user: The examination department of CAMS School has to maintain the student progress record. Part of the education process requires the examination department need to assess the students at regular intervals throughout the school year and keep a record of achievement for each student at the end of the year. The examination record should build up over the duration of the course to allow the staff, students and parents to see how the students are progressing. The examination officer Mr. Ahmed has asked if I can help them with a particular project to satisfy their need. The examination department and the examination officer Mr.Ahmed will be my end user. The problem and how I discover it: My friend Asad study in CAMS school. In May 2008 he gave his year 10 exams and left for his holiday without taking his result. On his return when he went to collect his result with me he found lots of mistake in the report card. The term marks of history and literature were written incorrect. He marked absent in mathematics. We informed the examination department about this blunder and asked them to rechecked and correct it. After two weeks the examination department could not done anything about the history and literature result as they had lost the record while they marked present him on mathematics paper. My friend was very upset with his result. Why Has This Problem Arisen? Cams school is keeping and making their school results manually, the manual files are prepared for each class and course and class teacher prepare result in register, from where they were shifted to big result sheet and then to report cards. there is no system in place at present to record assessment results efficiently and allow the staff to monitor the students progress throughout the year. Resultantly, the staff must find the time to meet these needs and are finding it difficult and time consuming to record and collate the assessment marks using a manual system. Some evidences of problem: * Every year many student complain as they were not satisfied with the result, as they complain that they had got different marks in monthly test and in term but in report card the marks appeared are different. So the recheck of the whole term marks are extremely difficult and time consuming. * Many errors like calculation in cumulative marks or wrong percentage were found in the report card which affected in not only on grades but also in their ranks. * Many test marks were either entered wrong or forget to enter. * In case of any urgent placement of faculty member, the term result could not collect from the teacher. * The teacher had lost the term result and there was no backup of it. * Some times student does not appear in the final term due to any medical grounds or any other uncertainty and they need to be promote on their past performance basis, in such situation , to find their past result of each subject is time consuming and problem as it is not visible in one page and the examiner and the teacher has to search User requirement: Mr. Ahmed wants me to develop a system which can perform following functions. * Develop a system for recording and storing all the assessments undertaken by students. * Record end of unit assessment marks for all the theory and practical units. * Record all the marks for the projects completed within the course. * Keep details of the students name, and year badge. * Total up the marks for the different subjects, calculate averages for each student and the group and allocate grades against level of performance. * Develop a system to identify high achieving students and those with areas of concern. * Show results of group performance in graphical format. * Be able to alter the system to record and process all the results. * The system must be user friendly. * The system should not involve any additional hardware or software costs. Having considered all the above, I have come up with my own List of Objectives that I must achieve in order to develop a robust solution to this problem. I will use these throughout my project to check that I have satisfied the requirements of the user. Objectives: General objective: * The system must adhere to the working of old system whilst computerizing as much as possible. * The system should be automatic as possible, reducing the need of user intervention where possible. * The system should be secure. Unauthorized personnel must not be able to gain access to the details stored on the system. * The system must be stable and reliable; it must not breakdown or crash which may result in lost data. * Create a template that can be reused for each new year group * Produce graphs to show results graphically * Hard copy of reports should be formatted to be printed out on one page * Use color to identify certain groups of student Qualitative objective: * The system should store detail of all student result and their marks. * The result should be easily identified, thus allowing the user to show the result of individual student. * Record of individual student can be maintained. * By making folder of each year each class result would be easily identified. * The system should automatically calculate the cumulative marks, percentage and graph of individual student in every subject, * The system should allow user to gain accurate result in calculation. * The user should able to enter all the data and easily view it. * Every part of the system must be accessible to the user with minimum fuss. Quantitative objective: * The system should able to store the data of ten course and 15 children per class. * The data must be record and available to view with in 10 second. * Past result must be identified within 30 second. * Cumulative marks, percentage and graphs must be prepared within 30 second. * The user must be using the system within one week of receiving it without further help. Different solution of the problem: CAMS are already working with manual solution so it is useless to create any manual solution. My initial thoughts are that a solution could be developed using a Spreadsheet or Database package or maybe a Word Processing package. The following table identifies each of these applications, considering the function software can perform.

show me the money :: essays research papers

Show Me The Money!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think I should get more allowance for many reasons. One of the reasons is if I got more, I wouldn’t have to ask my parents for money. Also, I think I should get more allowance because I’m getting less, when I do more around the house. Lastly, I think I should get more allowance because if I want or need something I can get it myself, without waiting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think I should get more allowance because then I don’t have to ask my parents for it. More allowance would be better because then if I asked for money, it wouldn’t deduct from my present allowance. Secondly, I wouldn’t have to worry about spending all of it. My parents usually want change, but with my own money I wouldn’t have to worry about saving any of it. Finally, more allowance would mean less work for my family members. I would gladly do a few more jobs around the house for a little more cash.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A very important reason that I feel that I should get more allowance is that most of the time, I do most of my brother’s work, plus my own, and I still don’t get more money for it. Another reason for more allowance is that if I need something for school or for home, I would be able to pay for it myself. Lastly, if I wanted something, such as pop or a snack, I could pay for it myself. Another very important reason that I think I deserve more allowance is that I always have to watch my sister, Jordan. Jori is five. She can be fun, but most of the time is a pain. I guess my parents want me to watch her more because I’m more active and she has more fun with me. It is a big responsibility watching her. show me the money :: essays research papers Show Me The Money!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think I should get more allowance for many reasons. One of the reasons is if I got more, I wouldn’t have to ask my parents for money. Also, I think I should get more allowance because I’m getting less, when I do more around the house. Lastly, I think I should get more allowance because if I want or need something I can get it myself, without waiting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think I should get more allowance because then I don’t have to ask my parents for it. More allowance would be better because then if I asked for money, it wouldn’t deduct from my present allowance. Secondly, I wouldn’t have to worry about spending all of it. My parents usually want change, but with my own money I wouldn’t have to worry about saving any of it. Finally, more allowance would mean less work for my family members. I would gladly do a few more jobs around the house for a little more cash.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A very important reason that I feel that I should get more allowance is that most of the time, I do most of my brother’s work, plus my own, and I still don’t get more money for it. Another reason for more allowance is that if I need something for school or for home, I would be able to pay for it myself. Lastly, if I wanted something, such as pop or a snack, I could pay for it myself. Another very important reason that I think I deserve more allowance is that I always have to watch my sister, Jordan. Jori is five. She can be fun, but most of the time is a pain. I guess my parents want me to watch her more because I’m more active and she has more fun with me. It is a big responsibility watching her.

Serving in the Army

She alas about what drives young men and women, to fight in a country on the other side of the world instead of being out partying with their friends. For her own son she thinks the motivation is to be found in the family, and his wish that his younger siblings shall grow up in a more peaceful world. Plain means that, because America is build on the idea that all human beings have a God-given right to be free the American soldiers work for â€Å"a cause bigger than themselves†, when they sacrifice for the military. Therefore she thinks that everybody should support the soldiers, as they work hard to defend the idea of America itself.Tim Sailor, who is the father to former deployed Army Sergeant Ryan Sailor, used to agree with the point of views of Plain and thought that fighting for your country was a patriotic thing to do. But as he expresses in text 2, his opinion has changed drastically after his son has returned from Iraq. Ryan Sailor has suffered from all kind of disorder s after his deployment in Iraq, both physical and mental. He has been diagnosed with P T SD and traumatic brain injury. He has been treated for his EST. in an intensive 65-day group program with other veterans.But although he has now begun to recover, his parents, who encouraged him to join the army in the first place, regret that they ever allowed him to sign up. They do not think that the patriotic aspect in any way makes up for all the problems afterwards. Text 3 is about Nathaniel Pick, who is the author of a book about his time as a Marine Officer. Pick has a very different opinion about what deployment in the army can do for you, than the Sailor family. Pick sees it as a highly positive experience. He joined the army to get adventure and learn about manhood.He thinks being that being a soldier has helped him to understand what words like Serving in the Army – Engel's still duty, honor and love means. In the army he discovered a brotherhood, which means a lot to him, bec ause you it is a very special friendship which is build between men who goes through training and combats together. 2. To engage the reader Sarah Plain describes herself like any other American woman, when she talks about sending her son to war but she also presents herself as the vice-presidential running mate for John McCain, which is use of the appeal form ethos.By focusing on these two aspects she seems like a person with authority but also as a person who it is possibly to relate to. Plain rise to wake a patriotic feeling for America by talking about how America isn't just another country but an exceptional country. † She continues by describing how it is the whole idea of America the deployed are defending. She is very passionate about that everybody should be supporting the soldiers as they live in hellish conditions and she also wakes sympathy for the soldiers by talking about how they have to be away from their families and risk their lives for their country.When talk ing about how her own son, and many other young men and women, join the army to have a chance to do, what they can to make the oral a better place to grow up for their smaller family members instead of being off partying on spring break or working their way up a hedgehopped career ladder she leaves no doubt that that these young people should get all the support they can from the American people and since they are willing make these sacrifices they most feel there is â€Å"a cause bigger than themselves† which they are fighting for.Plain also uses a reference to the old president Ronald Reagan. As he is a much respected former president the use of one of his famous quotations: â€Å"You all knew that some things are worth dying for. , can also help to wake the patriots in the readers and make them more engaged in the cause. 3. There are just as many different reasons to join the army as there are soldiers.Some Of them get their motivation from the simple wish to get an adven ture that can be found nowhere else and learn about manhood as Nathaniel Pick in text 3. He wanted a break from college and joined the army 2 where he found a special brotherhood and protecting his brothers was as big a motivation for him in the combats as fighting for his country was. Others join the army to make money and some are drover by family traditions.Others again have more patriotic reasons to fight for their country, such as the hope of being able to help create a better world and being able to spread the freedom, which is so important to Americans, to other parts of the world, where there is people who have never experienced peace, democracy, freedom Of religion and all the other things We take as a matter Of course. I think that being able to help making a difference for people in a country ravaged by war must be the biggest motivation for many. It must be an amazing feeling to see that what you do actually helps creating peace in the world. Serving in the Army She alas about what drives young men and women, to fight in a country on the other side of the world instead of being out partying with their friends. For her own son she thinks the motivation is to be found in the family, and his wish that his younger siblings shall grow up in a more peaceful world. Plain means that, because America is build on the idea that all human beings have a God-given right to be free the American soldiers work for â€Å"a cause bigger than themselves†, when they sacrifice for the military. Therefore she thinks that everybody should support the soldiers, as they work hard to defend the idea of America itself.Tim Sailor, who is the father to former deployed Army Sergeant Ryan Sailor, used to agree with the point of views of Plain and thought that fighting for your country was a patriotic thing to do. But as he expresses in text 2, his opinion has changed drastically after his son has returned from Iraq. Ryan Sailor has suffered from all kind of disorder s after his deployment in Iraq, both physical and mental. He has been diagnosed with P T SD and traumatic brain injury. He has been treated for his EST. in an intensive 65-day group program with other veterans.But although he has now begun to recover, his parents, who encouraged him to join the army in the first place, regret that they ever allowed him to sign up. They do not think that the patriotic aspect in any way makes up for all the problems afterwards. Text 3 is about Nathaniel Pick, who is the author of a book about his time as a Marine Officer. Pick has a very different opinion about what deployment in the army can do for you, than the Sailor family. Pick sees it as a highly positive experience. He joined the army to get adventure and learn about manhood.He thinks being that being a soldier has helped him to understand what words like Serving in the Army – Engel's still duty, honor and love means. In the army he discovered a brotherhood, which means a lot to him, bec ause you it is a very special friendship which is build between men who goes through training and combats together. 2. To engage the reader Sarah Plain describes herself like any other American woman, when she talks about sending her son to war but she also presents herself as the vice-presidential running mate for John McCain, which is use of the appeal form ethos.By focusing on these two aspects she seems like a person with authority but also as a person who it is possibly to relate to. Plain rise to wake a patriotic feeling for America by talking about how America isn't just another country but an exceptional country. † She continues by describing how it is the whole idea of America the deployed are defending. She is very passionate about that everybody should be supporting the soldiers as they live in hellish conditions and she also wakes sympathy for the soldiers by talking about how they have to be away from their families and risk their lives for their country.When talk ing about how her own son, and many other young men and women, join the army to have a chance to do, what they can to make the oral a better place to grow up for their smaller family members instead of being off partying on spring break or working their way up a hedgehopped career ladder she leaves no doubt that that these young people should get all the support they can from the American people and since they are willing make these sacrifices they most feel there is â€Å"a cause bigger than themselves† which they are fighting for.Plain also uses a reference to the old president Ronald Reagan. As he is a much respected former president the use of one of his famous quotations: â€Å"You all knew that some things are worth dying for. , can also help to wake the patriots in the readers and make them more engaged in the cause. 3. There are just as many different reasons to join the army as there are soldiers.Some Of them get their motivation from the simple wish to get an adven ture that can be found nowhere else and learn about manhood as Nathaniel Pick in text 3. He wanted a break from college and joined the army 2 where he found a special brotherhood and protecting his brothers was as big a motivation for him in the combats as fighting for his country was. Others join the army to make money and some are drover by family traditions.Others again have more patriotic reasons to fight for their country, such as the hope of being able to help create a better world and being able to spread the freedom, which is so important to Americans, to other parts of the world, where there is people who have never experienced peace, democracy, freedom Of religion and all the other things We take as a matter Of course. I think that being able to help making a difference for people in a country ravaged by war must be the biggest motivation for many. It must be an amazing feeling to see that what you do actually helps creating peace in the world.

Manual Website Constructor

The search box allows finding certain web-pages by determining the search domain (search In the language version set or In all the versions). Search box Search parameters 4. Main menu The main menu consists of five points: Web-pages. Use this point for editing and removing the web-pages of the affiliate website. Add Page. In this section you can create a new web-page, fill it with certain content in the easily understandable panel (the panel enables you to add links, handle the text, upload images etc. ). You can also include the following metabolism for a new web-page: title, keywords, description. Edit Menu.In this section the structure of the website menu can be altered. It serves to add/tilted/remove the menu points. Manage Templates. This section allows managing the website templates (the part of the website page comprising side and bottom menu as well as headings). Furthermore, here you can add/remove links to/ trot the side menu on boot sides trot the text and also change Copy right Design. With the help of this section you can choose any scheme elaborated by our team and change the font. 4. 1 Web-pages For a web-page to be reflected in a certain language, it is necessary to select the language. 4. 1.Remove web-page In order to delete a web-page, please press the button. 4. 1. 2 Edit Page 4. 1. 2. 1 Edit web-page content In order to move to a page editing mode, you need to click the corresponding button. Once you did it, you will see the window of web-page editing. Editing a page is facilitated by the editing tools. Remove the content Save Page layout templates Preview Crop Paste as plain text Copy Paste Paste from Word Print Full text search Undo Redo Insert Checkbook Insert Irradiation Insert text field Insert Select Insert Image Button Insert hidden field Replace text Remove format Mark all Insert formSpell check Insert Text area Insert button Page break Insert symbol Insert SMS e Bold Italics Underline Crossed font Subscript Superscript Billeted list Increase space Decrease space Quotation marks Centered Left-justified liquefied Insert link Insert image Insert flash Insert table Insert horizontal line Show blocks Scale editing window up/down Right-justified Remove link Insert anchor Text color Fill color Numbered list Text style Text format Diva container Font Font size 4. 1. 2. Edit metadata While editing a web-page, metadata (title, keywords, description) can be input. Press the Modify button to save the changes you made. 4. 2 Add Page This window contains the abovementioned panel of editing a page, the field for entering the file name and that for choosing its language version. 4. 3 Edit Menu In this section you need to choose a language version of the menu being edited. 4. 3. 1 Add new element 1) Choose the section tot the menu which you mean to ad ad link to 2) Choose the preferred level of the link. ) Enter the name of the link (not less than 3 symbols). 4) Enter the link (Latin letters only). 5) Press the Add button to in clude the new link to the menu. 4. 3. 2 Edit/remove element In order to delete a certain element, you need to press the Remove button. For editing a menu element after all the necessary modifications were made to the corresponding fields of the element (name and link) press the Change button. 4. 4 Manage Templates The menu of the section consists of three points: 4. 4. Add Link With the help of this section you can add a link in the left or right menu of the main website template. 4. 4. 2 Delete Link In order to remove a link from the main template you need to choose the template field (left or right menu), templates in which you would like to make removal and then Reese the Show links button. After you took all the above-mentioned steps there will appear a list of links of the templates chosen. For removing a certain link, please tick the checkbook corresponding to this particular link and press the Delete links from Main Templates 4. . 3 Change Copyright Changing Copyright require s choosing template(s) from the list, entering a new one in the corresponding slot and clicking the Change Copyright button. 4. 5 Design The menu of this section comprises two points: 4. 5. 1 Edit default design In order to change the website design one of the provided templates is to be chosen ND appropriate button to be clicked. You can zoom the design patterns to have a more thorough look on them by clicking on the corresponding image.List the zoomed patterns by clicking the arrow appearing at moving the mouse pointer in the lower right/left corner of the screen. 452 Edit detail ton In this section you can change default font and its size. To do it, choose the corresponding values and click the Edit default font button. 5. FAQ 5. 1 How to place an image? In order to place an image on a web-page, you need to visit the Web-pages section, choose a preferred language and start editing the page (see Edit web-page content section). Place the mouse pointer in the area where you would li ke to insert an image.Find the Insert image option on the toolbar of web-page editing. You can either upload it or enter a link to it. In order to place an image using the link, visit the Image info section. Enter the link to the image In the URL field, you can also input the text which will be displayed in case of the image being unavailable in the Alternative Text slot. The image will be shown in the Preview field. You can also set the following image parameters: Width Height Boded – framing of he image (1 Hospice – horizontal spacing Peace – vertical spacing Align Click the k button to place an image.In order to upload an image from your computer, please visit the Upload section, press the Browse button, choose the image to be uploaded and press the Send it to the Server button. Once the image is uploaded to the server, the Image Info section will open. Press the k button. 5. 2 How to place a link? In order to place a link on a certain website page, please vi sit the Web-pages section. Choose the preferred language and pass over to editing it (see Edit page content). Place the mouse pointer in the area where you would like to place a link. Choose Insert link option on the toolbar.Choose a link type in the Link type field. URL – a link to the Internet source Link to the anchor in the text – a link within the weapon E- Mail – a link to the email Choose a link protocol in the Protocol field, enter the link in the URL slot – press the k button to place it. 5. 3 How to place an image with a link? In order to place an image with a link on a certain website page, follow the steps represented in point 5. 1 before pressing the k button. Visit the Link section and enter the link to the URL field; you can choose the method of opening the link in the Target field.

Free Essays on Offender Profiling

Offender Profiling It is said that race and one’s own household income may be related to they types of crime offenders commit, specifically rapists. However, there are many assumptions that may prove this statement true or false. In the article of â€Å"offender profiling†, the writer states that there are seven characteristics schemes for a rapists. Antisocial behavior, expressive aggression, pervasive anger, sexualization, non sadistic sexual/compensatory, overt sadism, and offensive planning. Out of the seven, it is has been a consistent fact that â€Å"the overall best predictive accuracy for rapists is expressive aggression†. Since there have been many studies to a rapists’ behavior, it has been easier to predict the form of way the rapist will leave the crime scene. If a rapists has a record of a criminal background and with the same offense, it is very likely that the next offense will be the same offense with the same planning of the crime. Psychological fac tors such as antisocial behavior or a criminal background do play major roles in determining the form in which the rapist offends a victim. I have to agree with the fact that if a person has a background of criminal behavior and has done the crime more than once, the rape offender is most likely to do the crime again. Also, profiling is common in the modern world as what we call today. It is so commonly known that minorities, especially Hispanics and blacks are more likely to commit these crimes. Society puts more stress into these two groups eventually labeling all blacks and Hispanics to be known as rape offenders. But the truth comes out when we look at the statistics. There is not one single race that does not commit a crime. It is the area of crime that the racial background of a person comes to play a role of the type of crime committed. Form example, in the article, the writer shows a chart of white men and the percentage of crime they have comm... Free Essays on Offender Profiling Free Essays on Offender Profiling Offender Profiling It is said that race and one’s own household income may be related to they types of crime offenders commit, specifically rapists. However, there are many assumptions that may prove this statement true or false. In the article of â€Å"offender profiling†, the writer states that there are seven characteristics schemes for a rapists. Antisocial behavior, expressive aggression, pervasive anger, sexualization, non sadistic sexual/compensatory, overt sadism, and offensive planning. Out of the seven, it is has been a consistent fact that â€Å"the overall best predictive accuracy for rapists is expressive aggression†. Since there have been many studies to a rapists’ behavior, it has been easier to predict the form of way the rapist will leave the crime scene. If a rapists has a record of a criminal background and with the same offense, it is very likely that the next offense will be the same offense with the same planning of the crime. Psychological fac tors such as antisocial behavior or a criminal background do play major roles in determining the form in which the rapist offends a victim. I have to agree with the fact that if a person has a background of criminal behavior and has done the crime more than once, the rape offender is most likely to do the crime again. Also, profiling is common in the modern world as what we call today. It is so commonly known that minorities, especially Hispanics and blacks are more likely to commit these crimes. Society puts more stress into these two groups eventually labeling all blacks and Hispanics to be known as rape offenders. But the truth comes out when we look at the statistics. There is not one single race that does not commit a crime. It is the area of crime that the racial background of a person comes to play a role of the type of crime committed. Form example, in the article, the writer shows a chart of white men and the percentage of crime they have comm...

The role of techonology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The role of techonology - Research Proposal Example Essentially, the greenhouse effect functions like this. When sunlight pierces the atmosphere and hits the earth’s surface, not all of the sun’s solar energy is absorbed. It is a delicate balance and because these greenhouse gases have been artificially increased by man-made technology, more build up in the atmosphere has occurred. This traps more of the sun’s energy inside our atmosphere and reflects less back in to space. This occurrence is causing the earth to warm. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the most common of the greenhouse gases. Although cutting down the rainforests is contributing heavily to the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere, a larger portion is caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal to power our technology. Fossil fuels are burned by factories, vehicles and electricity-producing power plants to name a few sources. Most of this excessive fuel consumption and its poisonous, pollutant and greenhouse-enhancing byproducts are located in th e U.S., Europe and Russia (Breuer, 1980). It is estimated that man-made influences represent about half of the CO2 output in the world. The rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere are becoming increasingly worrying. â€Å"The concentrations of CO2 in the air around 1860 before the effects of industrialization were felt, is assumed to have been about 290 parts per million (ppm). In the hundred years and more since then, the concentration has increased by about 10 percent† (Breuer, 1980, p. 67). Eighty percent of the world’s population accounts for just 35 percent of CO2 emissions. The United States and Soviet Union combined are responsible for generating half of the air pollution. Worldwide, â€Å"carbon dioxide emissions are increasing by four percent a year.† (Miller, 1990, p. 450). The scientific community agrees that global temperatures are rising due

The Poems Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Poems Structure - Essay Example In the marriage poem which shows the diversity of the use of words. Literary allusion is used in the first poem where contrapuntal and trills have been used to show her experiences in marriage. In the second poem, cottonwoods have been used to refer to sex and this shows how the writer indirectly used her words. Literary allusions have led to the enticement of the poem to the readers. Symbolizing is the art of using something to represent a particular item, activity or person. In The Language of Marriage poem, lap has been used to express the duration she has been in marriage. The Plague of Cottonwoods poem uses the word Cottonwoods to symbolize sex. Rhyme is the repetition of sound in two or more words is used in the poems. It is apparent that the first poem has used the words pretention and fiction. Dactylic rhyme is evident in the second poem with the use of the words futilely and infertile. The Language of Marriage poem has one stanza that has fourteen lines. It is evident that the lines do not necessarily rhyme at the end of each sentence.

Gene therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gene therapy - Essay Example Currently, research is going on for gene therapy by various approaches in different parts of the world for various diseases like combined immuno-deficiencies, hemophilia, Parkinson's disease, cancer and even HIV (Verma and Weitzman, 2005). Though gene therapy has been under research for the past 2 decades, no single gene therapy has been approve for clinical use. The main reason for this is safety concerns pertaining to gene therapy trials and treatment. In this essay, various strategies to increase the safety of gene therapy will be discussed through review of suitable literature. Safety issues related to gene therapy are mainly related to the methods employed in gene therapy. There are basically 2 methods of gene therapy and they are ex-vivo therapy and in-vivo therapy. In ex-vivo therapy, gene delivery is done in cells after being removed from the body (Hecht, 2004). The cells used thus are basically grown in the laboratory. The cells are than modified outside the body and then tr ansplanted back into the body. In some research trials, cells from blood or born marrow are taken out and cultured in a laboratory. Thereafter, the cells are exposed to the virus with the desired gene. The virus infects the cells and transfers the therapeutic genetic material into the nucleus of the cells. After this, the cells are injected into the patient’s body by vein. In in vivo therapy, gene delivery is done in the cells that are still in the body. The simplest method of introducing therapeutic genetic material into the cells is direct introduction into target cells. However, this method is not practical because it can be used only with certain tissues and requires large amounts of DNA. Other methods are there wherein the genes are delivered into cells by vectors like viruses or bacteria, by electroporation or tiny synthetic "envelopes" of fat molecules (Hecht, 2004). Of these, the most commonly used vector is virus. Vector is the carrier of the gene. Viruses are used a s vectors to deliver genetic material to the nucleus of the cell that contains its DNA. The natural ability of a virus to enter a cell is used for this purpose. The viruses used for gene therapy are retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and herpes simplex virus (Genetics Home Reference, 2008). While preparing the vectors for gene therapy, the DNA coding for a part or whole of the normal genes of the virus to be used as a carrier is removed and replaced with the treatment gene. The carriers are engineered in such a way that there ability to enter the cells is not lost but they cannot reproduce. Genes delivered by tiny synthetic "envelopes" of fat molecules enter the cell by cell membrane which has very high concentration of fat molecules. In electroporation, the genes are delivered into the cells by creating tiny openings in the cell membrane. This is done by using a bionic chip. The chip contains a single living cell embedded in a tiny silicon circuit (Hecht, 2004). Another method of gene therapy is where the therapeutic gene gets inside the target cell by chemically linking the DNA to a molecule that will bind to special cell receptors. After binding to these receptors, the DNA is engulfed by the cell membrane and passed into the interior of the target cell. However, this is less effective than the other methods (Genetics Home R

Minimalist visual artists and composers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Minimalist visual artists and composers - Essay Example The fact that music has more â€Å"space† in time that it has to occupy, along with the fact that the common chords used have emotional resonance means that minimalist music retains a more emotional intensity, while visual art remains more intellectual, as demonstrated by a comparison of Philip Glass’s â€Å"Einstein on the Beach† and John McCracken’s â€Å"Untitled Slab.† Einstein on the Beach begins with deconstructed common chords, before being overlaid by a female ensemble counting to six using the same chord. This is then quickly overlayed with a voice speaking quickly, words barely just too quick to catch any narrative out of (Glass). It then begins with an overlay of male voices singing harmonics and a different group of male voices counting to six using a different octave of the same chord. Each chord used is major, with harmonies communicating a combined sense of joy and loftiness. These musical elements, though deconstructed here, would still be recognizable even to a lay audience, and leave Glass’s music with a distinct emotional punch. McCracken’s work, â€Å"Untitled Slab,† is very different. This piece of work is a painting that resembles, in every element, a large black slab of marble, down to the sense of reflections in its black depth (McCracken). The fact that it looks so almost common place while being made with such distinct skill asks the viewer to engage with art critically; it demands the reader use their mind and think about art as a construct. This consciousness of art as art is common to minimalist visual art, and keeps the viewer at arm’s length, reducing the emotional punch that the art actually has. This means that minimalist visual art, while sharing many similarities with minimalist music, has a very different effect. Minimalist music retains a great deal of emotional punch, while visual art loses it to heightened intellectualism. These

Features of Goodpastures Syndrome

Features of Goodpastures Syndrome Introduction Goodpastures syndrome, a rare autoimmune disease is characterized by anti-GBM (anti-glomerular basement membrane) antibodies attacking glomerular and alveolar basement membranes of the kidneys and lungs respectively. It was first reported by Dr. Ernest William Goodpasture in 1919 and first used by Stanton and Tange in 1957 in their case studies involving nine patients with the pulmonary-renal syndrome. [1, 2] Clinical Features   Ã‚   The onset of this disease ranges from the ages of 20-30 and 60-70 especially in young men in their late twenties or in men and women over sixty years of age study. [3] The diagnostic techniques involved in detection of Goodpastures syndrome include i) urine analysis that detects kidney damage by presence of high number of red blood cells or protein in the urine sample ii) blood tests showing the presence of anti-GBM antibodies iii) x-rays that can show anomalies in lung anatomy or iv) biopsies that involve imaging of a kidney tissue sample to demonstrate glomeruli characterised by crescent-shaped structures and lines of antibodies attached to the GBM. [4] While Goodpastures syndrome constitutes the representation of clinical features like rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and pulmonary hemorrhage from any cause, Goodpasture disease also includes the presence of anti-GBM antibodies in addition to the other characteristics. The term anti-GBM disease constitutes a patient with the typical autoantibodies, irrespective of clinical symptoms and characteristic features. [1,5] The clinical manifestations associated with Goodpastures syndrome include acute renal failure resulting from rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis along with pulmonary hemorrhage that might prove fatal. The symptoms in relation to it consist of bleeding of lungs, kidney failure, hematuria, proteinuria, general malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. [1,6,7,8,9] The exact etiology of this syndrome is not known however there seem to be genetic and environmental risk factors. The factors being i) exposure to organic solvents or hydrocarbons ii) smoking and drugs iii) infection iv) exposure to metal particulate matter v) lymphocyte-depletion therapy. [1,5,10] The characteristic pathology in individuals experiencing the Goodpastures Syndrome can be detected by immunofluorescence staining technique of the IgG on the GBM that shows smooth diffuse linear patterns. [11] Hemodialysis, plasma exchange, cyclophosphamide drugs and immunosuppressive agents like methylprednisolone pulse therapy or oral administration of prednisolone are possible treatments for Goodpastures syndrome. [12,13,14] Basic Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms The localization of immunoglobulin IgG deposits at sites of inflammation within the pulmonary and renal basement membranes shows Goodpastures syndrome (a form of the anti-GBM disease) to be an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. The pathogenic role of these antibodies has been confirmed by  transplantation of circulating or kidney-eluted anti-GBM antibodies to Rhesus monkey or human kidney allografts that result in the development of the disease.  A type II hypersensitivity reaction occurs when antibodies are targeted against extracellular matrix (ECM) specific antigens. [15]   The hypersensitivity response affects all organs in the body of which collagen is a constituent but the alveolar and glomerular basement membranes are more prone to the effect. This discrepancy is a result of increased accessibility of epitopes (antigen molecules facilitating attachment to a matching antibody) linked to overexpression of ÃŽÂ ±3 collagen chains in the respective basement membranes allowing access and formation of antibodies. [16] While ÃŽÂ ±3NC1 antibodies are the most common in patients with Goodpastures syndrome, ÃŽÂ ±5NC1 antibodies are less prevalent. Sometimes antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody [ANCA] can also be present. [5,17] The disorder develops antibodies that target ÃŽÂ ±3 chain of basement membrane collagen (type IV collagen) present in alveoli in lungs and in the glomeruli that form the filtering units of the kidneys within the nephrons. These structures contain the basement membrane with collagen as its essential component that differentiates the epithelia from the underlying tissue. The conformational epitopes of the Goodpasture antigen are localized within 2 regions in the carboxyl terminal, noncollagenous (NC1) domain of a type IV collagen chain, ÃŽÂ ±3(IV)NC1. [1, 5, 18]. Upon interaction of the anti-GBM antibodies with the conformational epitope of the GBM glycoproteins, the complement pathway of the immune system gets activated. This results in infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes. The severely damaged GBM induces reflux of fibrinogen into the Bowman space, fibrinogen polymerizes to fibrin through the proliferation of procoagulant factors from activated mono cytes, leading to a crescent formation.[19] Goodpastures syndrome is linked with specific HLA types. Both positive (HLA-DR15) and negative (HLA-DR7) associations are defined and being used to develop an understanding of antigen presentation, tolerance and autoimmunity. [20,21,22] Recent Developments Recent developments like the plasmapheresis technique, steroidal drugs, and immunosuppressive therapy have drastically ameliorated the course of the medical condition in comparison to yesteryears, in which Goodpasture syndrome was deemed fatal. [23] Zhao et al., demonstrate the significant role of ÃŽÂ ±5NC1-specific antibodies in pathogenesis of Goodpastures disease and also re-confirm ÃŽÂ ±345 collagen IV molecule as the original GP autoantigen. [17] The invention of a drug, now patented, with its active element containing boron  that constitutes inhibitors of arginase activity has claimed remedial effects in the pathological state of Goodpastures Syndrome. [24] A recently developed, patented prophylaxis for glomerulonephritis resulting from Goodpastures syndrome comprises of administration of a therapeutically effective amount of an IL-6 antibody that binds with or regulates the expression or activity of a mammalian IL-6 polypeptide. [25] Conclusions Goodpastures Syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by anti-GBM antibodies attacking glomerular and alveolar basement membranes. The innate immune response comprises of (i) cell death; (ii) polymorphonuclear cell releasing neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, antigens and monocytes to infiltrate the glomerulus. The adaptive immune response triggers the classical pathway of complement activated by antigen-antibody complex formation, and type II hypersensitivity reaction. Here antigens are targeted against cell- specific and tissue specific antigens (chiefly the connective tissue). Unanswered Questions Currently, there is a lot of research focusing on deciphering the causative agents of the harmful antibodies that lead to the development of Goodpastures syndrome. Evidence from this research can lead to novel drug discovery, eventually leading to a potential definitive cure for Goodpastures syndrome. [17] The exact the genetic determinants that constitute the etiology of Goodpastures syndrome are yet to be found. Bibliography Salama AD, Pusey CD. Goodpasture syndrome and other antiglomerular basement membrane diseases. In: Gilbert SJ, Weiner DE, eds. National Kidney Foundations Primer on Kidney Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: chap 21. Benoit, F. L., D. B. Rulon, G. B. Theil, P. D. Doolan, and R. H. Watten. Goodpastures syndrome: a clinicopathologic entity. The American journal of medicine 37, no. 3 (1964): 424-444. Hudson B, Tryggvason K, Sundaramoorthy M, Neilson E. Alport syndrome, goodpasture syndrome, and type IV Collagen. New Engl J Med 2003; 348:2543-56. Fervenza, Fernando C. Goodpasture Syndrome | NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/glomerular-diseases/goodpasture-syndrome (accessed March 1, 2017). Phelps RG, Turner AN. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and Goodpasture disease. In: Johnson RJ, Feehally J, Floege J, eds. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 24. Lahmer T, Heemann U. Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease: a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the kidney and the lung. Autoimmun Rev 2012;12:169-73. Pedchenko V, Bondar O, Fogo AB, Vanacore R, Voziyan P, Kitching AR, et al. Molecular architecture of the Goodpasture autoantigen in anti-GBM nephritis. N Engl J Med2010;363:343-54. Salant David J. Goodpastures disease new secrets revealed. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:388-91. Dammacco F, Battaglia S, Gesualdo L, Racanelli V. Goodpastures disease: a report of ten cases and a review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 2013;12:1101-8. Jones, Joanne L., Sara AJ Thompson, Priscilla Loh, Jessica L. Davies, Orla C. Tuohy, Allison J. Curry, Laura Azzopardi et al. Human autoimmunity after lymphocyte depletion is caused by homeostatic T-cell proliferation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 50 (2013): 20200-20205. MD, Edward. Renal Pathology http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/RENAHTML/RENAL093.html (accessed March 1, 2017). Greco, Antonio, Maria Ida Rizzo, Armando De Virgilio, Andrea Gallo, Massimo Fusconi, Giulio Pagliuca, Salvatore Martellucci, Rosaria Turchetta, Lucia Longo, and Marco De Vincentiis. Goodpastures syndrome: a clinical update. Autoimmunity reviews 14, no. 3 (2015): 246-253. Bolton, W. Kline. Goodpastures syndrome. Kidney international 50, no. 5 (1996): 1753-1766. Johnson, John P., Walter Whitman, William A. Briggs, and Curtis B. Wilson. Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive agents in anti-basement25] membrane antibody-induced Goodpastures syndrome. The American journal of medicine 64, no. 2 (1978): 354-359. Rutgers A, Meyers KEC, Canziani G, Kalluri R, Lin J, Madaio MP. High affinity of anti-GBM antibodies from Goodpasture and transplanted Alport patients to 3 (IV) NC1 collagen. Kidney Int. 2000;58:115-122. Kelly, Patrick T., and Edward F. Haponik. Goodpasture syndrome: molecular and clinical advances. Medicine 73, no. 4 (1994): 171-185. Zhao J, Cui Z, Yang R, et al. Anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies against different target antigens are associated with disease severity. Kidney Int 2009; 76:1108. Borza, Dorin-Bogdan, Eric G. Neilson, and Billy G. Hudson. Pathogenesis of Goodpasture syndrome: a molecular perspective. In Seminars in nephrology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 522-531. WB Saunders, 2003. Morita, Takashi, Yasunosuke Suzuki, and Jacob Churg. Structure and development of the glomerular crescent. The American journal of pathology 72, no. 3 (1973): 349. Phelps, Richard G., and Andrew J. Rees. The HLA complex in Goodpastures disease: a model for analyzing susceptibility to autoimmunity. Kidney international 56, no. 5 (1999): 1638-1653. Phelps, Richard G., Victoria Jones, A. Neil Turner, and Andrew J. Rees. Properties of HLA class II molecules divergently associated with Goodpastures disease. International immunology 12, no. 8 (2000): 1135-1143. Turner AN, Rees AJ. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (Chapter 3.11). In: Cameron SDAM, Grunfeld JP, Kerr DNS, Ritz E, eds Oxford Textbook of Nephrology, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997 Shah MK, Hugghins SY. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with Goodpastures syndrome. South Med J 2002;95:1411-8. Van Zandt, Michael, Adam Golebiowski, Min Koo Ji, Darren Whitehouse, Todd Ryder, and Raymond Paul Beckett. Inhibitors of arginase and their therapeutic applications. U.S. Patent 9,266,908, issued February 23, 2016. Marshall, Diane, and Stevan Shaw. Method for the treatment of glomerulonephritis by administering an IL-6 antibody. U.S. Patent 9,321,837, issued April 26, 2016.

Effect of temperature on rate of reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Effect of temperature on rate of reaction Aim: To find out if the temperature increases the rate of reaction of two chemicals. Prediction: My prediction is that the higher the temperature is the faster the rate of the reaction will be. Equipment: Hot water, thermometer, flask, cold water, stopwatch, tissue paper, paper with ‘X’ marked on it, safety glasses, measuring cylinder, large beaker, sodium thiosulphate, hydrochloric acid. Method: The experiment has to be done five times for the five different temperatures of the sodium thiosulphate. The temperatures are: 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C To start the experiments fill the flask with 50cm ³ of sodium thiosulphate into the large beaker. Fill the large beaker up with the water of right temperature that is required for the experiment. Put the thermometer into the flask with sodium thiosulphate and check the temperature is right for the experiment. If the water is too cold, in the large beaker pour in some more hot water or if it is too hot pour in some cold water to reach the required temperature for the sodium thiosulphate. Once the sodium thiosulphate is the right temperature, take it out of the water, wipe the bottom of the flask with tissue paper and place it onto the piece of paper with ‘X’ marked on it. Now measure 5cm ³ of hydrochloric acid in the measuring cylinder. Then pour the hydrochloric acid into the sodium thiosulphate, at this moment start timing with the stopwatch and keep timing until you cannot see the ‘X’ mark through the liquid. Make sure you wear safety glasses and handle the acid carefully. Fair Test: To make this investigation fair you have to make sure you use the same concentration of hydrochloric acid for all experiments. You also have to make sure you use the same amount of hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate for all the experiments. Also make sure you time the experiments accurately. Observation: My observation was that when the temperature of the sodium thiosulphate was higher the solution turned cloudy quicker. Results: -------------------------------------------- Temperature ( °C) Time for cross to disappear (minutes) 20 2.49 30 1.

Euthanasia Background Essay

* What’s Euthanasia? * The Pro-Life Alliance defines it as: ‘Any action or omission intended to end the life of a patient on the grounds that his or her life is not worth living.’ * The Voluntary Euthanasia Society looks to the word’s Greek origins – ‘eu’ and ‘thanatos,’ which together mean ‘a good death’ – and say a modern definition is: ‘A good death brought about by a doctor providing drugs or an injection to bring a peaceful end to the dying process.’ * Three classes of euthanasia can be identified — passive euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia — although not all groups would acknowledge them as valid terms.† * What is physician-assisted suicide/physician aid in dying? * It is descriptively accurate and carries with it no misleading connotations. * Other contributors to this volume prefer the synonymous term physician-assisted suicide because it is technically accurate, and still others prefer physician aid in dying because it is relatively neutral. * Although suicide can be considered heroic or rational depending on setting and philosophical orientation, in much American writing it is conflated with mental illness, and the term suggests the tragic self-destruction of a person who is not thinking clearly or acting rationally. Pros: * Everyone has the right to die * The right of a competent, terminally ill person to avoid excruciating pain and embrace a timely and dignified death bears the sanction of history and is implicit in the concept of ordered liberty. * The exercise of this right is as central to personal autonomy and bodily integrity as rights safeguarded by this Court’s decisions relating to marriage, family relationships, procreation, contraception, child rearing and the refusal or termination of life-saving medical treatment. * In particular, this Court’s recent decisions concerning the right to refuse medical treatment and the right to abortion instruct that a mentally competent, terminally ill person has a protected liberty interest in choosing to end intolerable suffering by bringing about his or her own death. * Patient suffering should be able to end their life. * At the Hemlock Society they get calls daily from desperate people who are looking for someone like Jack Kevorkian to end their lives, which have lost all quality. * Americans should enjoy a right guaranteed in the European Declaration of Human Rights — the right not to be forced to suffer. * It should be considered as much of a crime to make someone live that with justification does not wish to continue as it is to take life without consent. * What about palliative (end-of-life) care? * The evidence for the emotional impact of assisted dying on physicians shows that euthanasia and assisted suicide are a far cry from being ‘easier options for the caregiver’ than palliative care, as some critics of Dutch practice have suggested. * We wish to take a strong stand against the separation and opposition between euthanasia and assisted suicide, on the one hand, and palliative care, on the other, that such critics have implied. There is no ‘either-or’ with respect to these options. * Every appropriate palliative option available must be discussed with the patient and, if reasonable, tried before a request for assisted death can be accepted. * What about living wills? * Living wills can be used to refuse extraordinary, life-prolonging care and are effective in providing clear and convincing evidence that may be necessary under state statutes to refuse care after one becomes terminally ill. * A recent Pennsylvania case shows the power a living will can have. In that case, a Bucks County man was not given a feeding tube, even though his wife requested he receive one, because his living will, executed seven years prior, clearly stated that he did ‘not want tube feeding or any other artificial invasive form of nutrition. * A living will provides clear and convincing evidence of one’s wishes regarding end-of-life care. * Healthcare * Even though the various elements that make up the American healthcare system are becoming more circumspect in ensuring that money is not wasted. * The cap that marks a zero-sum healthcare system is largely absent in the United States. * Considering the way we finance healthcare in the United States, it would be hard to make a case that there is a financial imperative compelling us to adopt physician-assisted suicide in an effort to save money so that others could benefit. Cons: * There will be a slippery slope to legalized murder. * In a society as obsessed with the costs of health care and the principle of utility, the dangers of the slippery slope†¦ are far from fantasy. * Assisted suicide is a half-way house, a stop on the way to other forms of direct euthanasia, for example, for incompetent patients by advance directive or suicide in the elderly. So, too, is voluntary euthanasia a half-way house to involuntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia. * If terminating life is a benefit, the reasoning goes, why should euthanasia be limited only to those who can give consent? Why need we ask for consent? * The Hippocratic Oath and Prohibition of Killing would make it impossible. * The prohibition against killing patients†¦ stands as the first promise of self-restraint sworn to in the Hippocratic Oath, as medicine’s primary taboo: ‘I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect’. * In forswearing the giving of poison when asked for it, the Hippocratic physician rejects the view that the patient’s choice for death can make killing him right. * For the physician, at least, human life in living bodies commands respect and reverence–by its very nature. As its respectability does not depend upon human agreement or patient consent, revocation of one’s consent to live does not deprive one’s living body of respectability. * The deepest ethical principle restraining the physician’s power is not the autonomy or freedom of the patient; neither is it his own compassion or good intention. Rather, it is the dignity and mysterious power of human life itself, and therefore, also what the Oath calls the purity and holiness of life and art to which he has sworn devotion.† * There is also Government involvement in end-of-life decisions. * Cases like Schiavo’s touch on basic constitutional rights, such as the right to live and the right to due process, and consequently there could very well be a legitimate role for the federal government to play. * There’s a precedent–as a result of the highly publicized deaths of infants with disabilities in the 1980s, the federal government enacted ‘Baby Doe Legislation,’ which would withhold federal funds from hospitals that withhold lifesaving treatment from newborns based on the expectation of disability. * The medical community has to have restrictions on what it may do to people with disabilities – we’ve already seen what some members of that community are willing to do when no restrictions are in place.Healthcare spending implications will shut it down. * There would be healthcare spending implications. * Savings to governments could become a consideration. * Drugs for assisted suicide cost about $35 to $45, making them far less expensive than providing medical care. * This could fill the void from cutbacks for treatment and care with the ‘treatment’ of death.† * Social groups would also be at risk. * It must be recognized that assisted suicide and euthanasia will be practiced through the prism of social inequality and prejudice that characterizes the delivery of services in all segments of society, including health care. * Those who will be most vulnerable to abuse, error, or indifference are the poor, minorities, and those who are least educated and least empowered. * This risk does not reflect a judgment that physicians are more prejudiced or influenced by race and class than the rest of society – only that they are not exempt from the prejudices manifest in other areas of our collective life.

Pushing Paper Can Be Fun Essay

A large city government was putting on a number of seminars for managers of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic discussed was motivation—how to motivate public servants to do a good job. The plight of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion: I’ve got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced rookies, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies. The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor. I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget crunch, and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t- it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it. Finally, I can’t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their careers the arrests and interventions are what get noticed. Some people have suggested a number of things, like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that’s not fair—too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paper work doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the officers caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why they should bust a  gut when there was no payoff. I just don’t know what to do.